藍(lán)耳病病毒對(duì)豬生長(zhǎng)性能、飼料利用率以及糞污氣體排放的影響

2015. J. Anim. Sci. 93(9): 4424-4435

　　M. M. Li, K. M. Seelenbinder, M. A. Ponder, L. Deng, R. P. Rhoads, K. D. Pelzer, J. S. Radcliffe, C. V. Maxwell, J. A. Ogejo和M. D. Hanigan

　　本試驗(yàn)的主要目的在于研究藍(lán)耳病病毒感染和免疫接種對(duì)豬生長(zhǎng)性能、日糧利用率、糞污產(chǎn)量、以及糞污池CO2, CH4, H2S, N2O和NH3排放的影響。試驗(yàn)選用48頭21日齡斷奶仔豬，隨機(jī)分為4組，試驗(yàn)處理為2（藍(lán)耳病攻毒與否）×2（藍(lán)耳病免疫接種與否）雙因素設(shè)計(jì)。記錄體重、采食量、糞污產(chǎn)量，50-78日齡以及試驗(yàn)結(jié)束后24天內(nèi)每天記錄糞污產(chǎn)氣量。不論是否免疫接種，藍(lán)耳病病毒感染都能顯著降低末重、日增重、采食量（P＜0.01），以及酸性洗滌纖維（ADF，P=0.05）和粗脂肪（P=0.02）的利用率。試驗(yàn)處理對(duì)糞污產(chǎn)量、糞污pH值、木質(zhì)素利用率和氮沉積無(wú)顯著影響。藍(lán)耳病感染的豬只其糞污CO2排放量顯著增加（P=0.01）。免疫接種和病毒感染對(duì)糞污N2O產(chǎn)量有互作作用：無(wú)論是否被病毒感染，免疫接種的豬只糞污N2O產(chǎn)量沒(méi)有顯著區(qū)別，而病毒感染卻對(duì)未免疫接種的豬只糞污N2O產(chǎn)量（氣體產(chǎn)量/頭豬）有影響。同樣試驗(yàn)處理對(duì)H2S和N2O（氣體產(chǎn)量/kg揮發(fā)性固體糞污產(chǎn)量）有互作影響（分別為P=0.01和0.0001），與上一結(jié)果（每頭豬N2O產(chǎn)量）相似：免疫接種豬只不論是否感染其氣體排放率無(wú)顯著差異。藍(lán)耳病病毒感染提高了氮排放（N2O形式）/kg糞污總氮（P=0.03）?？傊?，試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明藍(lán)耳病病毒感染可以降低生長(zhǎng)速度和營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)利用率，同時(shí)增加糞污氣體排放量。

　　Effects of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus on pig growth, diet utilization efficiency, and gas release from stored manure

　　M. M. Li, K. M. Seelenbinder, M. A. Ponder, L. Deng, R. P. Rhoads, K. D. Pelzer, J. S. Radcliffe, C. V. Maxwell, J. A. Ogejo and M. D. Hanigan

　　The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection and vaccination on pig growth, dietary nutrient efficiency of utilization, manure output, and emissions of CO2, CH4, H2S, N2O, and NH3 gases from stored manure. Forty-eight pigs, aged 21 d at the start of the study, were subjected to 1 of 4 treatment combinations arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design with main factors of PRRSV vaccination and PRRSV infection. Body weight, ADFI, manure output, and nutrient efficiency of utilization were assessed and gas emissions from stored manure were determined daily from 50 to 78 d of age and for 24 d after completion of the animal phase. Infection with PRRSV markedly reduced final BW, ADG, and ADFI (P < 0.01) and reduced efficiencies of ADF and ether extract utilization (P = 0.05 and P = 0.02, respectively) regardless of vaccination status. No significant treatment effects were found on manure output, manure pH, efficiencies of lignin utilization, and N retention. Infecting pigs with PRRSV increased daily manure CO2 emission per pig (P = 0.01). There was an interaction between immunization and infection for N2O per pig with manure from uninfected, vaccinated pigs producing as much as the manure from infected, vaccinated pigs whereas there was a difference by PRRSV infection state for nonvaccinated pigs. There were also interactions between treatments for H2S and N2O emissions per kilogram of manure volatile solids excreted (P = 0.01 and P = 0.0001, respectively) with the same pattern as for N2O per pig; that is, the vaccinated pigs had similar rates of emission regardless of infection state. Pigs infected with PRRSV increased N2O nitrogen per kilogram of total N excreted compared with noninfected groups (P = 0.03). Collectively, these results indicated that PRRSV infection caused decreased growth rates and nutrient utilization efficiency and increased gas emissions from stored manure。

本文由上海亙泰企業(yè)提供。